Cell Phone Use in Schools

Wireless Use in Schools. With all the advancement in the most recent decade, PDAs have gotten separated of day by day life for individuals everywhere throughout the world between utilizing PDAs to contacts loved ones to playing somewhat round of bejeweled. Be that as it may, what numerous schools are thinking about, is permitting the utilization of mobile phones in schools. Mobile phones can offer as a learning apparatus to understudies. Likewise, wireless use in class carries some damage to the homeroom. Moreover, Policies about cell gadgets have changed in schools over the U.S. A basic issue influencing many is permitting or restricting wireless use among understudies. PDAs offer as a simple, open learning device that most understudies as of now have. Other than a helpful instrument for understudies, PDAs make it simpler on instructors. Educators can make a class blog for understudies to convey or banter on issues from class (Rogers). This class blog enables them to continually app roach converse with their cohorts by means of web from home, the study hall, and conceivably anyplace (Rogers).The educator can screen the class blog whenever the timing is ideal also, not simply in a homeroom setting (Rogers). Likewise, way a PDA might be utilized in a homeroom setting as an examination instrument. Understudies can scan for foundation data on subjects. As opposed to searching for words in a word reference or investing energy in the library searching for that book, all the data an understudy might require is at the tip of his/her fingertips. Ultimately, instructors and heads can set up surveys utilizing sites like wiffiti. om or polleverywhere. com empower understudies to answer surveys whenever, anyplace (Engel and Green).Teachers and heads can set up surveys for a class, a specific evaluation, or something that includes the whole school. Presently it’s simpler for understudies to be associated with issues nearby and have on state about the choices or change s being made about their school (Engel and Green). By and large, the unlimited advantages of PDA use for understudies will gives boundless learning instruments. All through the U. S. numerous schools have mobile phone strategies explicit to their secondary school however numerous schools are changing the arrangements. Numerous schools no matter how you look at it have gotten increasingly permissive in permitting mobile phone for understudies in the homeroom or nearby. At Dickison High School, in the same way as other secondary schools, their strategy has been lifted and permits understudies to utilize telephones during lunch (Wishmayer). Lifting the approach was expected to give the high schoolers enough opportunity so less messaging and calling would occur during class (Wishmayer).Although PDAs incorporate disservices, for example, being an interruption to understudies or being utilized to go behind assignments' back, with the assistance of teachers and chairmen, methodologies of f orestalling maltreatment of mobile phones can be authorized among understudies. One answer for PDAs misuse is making the telephones noticeable to the educators (Ferriter). Most educators and teachers stress over subtle understudies messaging answers to different understudies. William Ferriter says his answer is, â€Å"†¦require understudies to put their mobile phones on the upper right-hand corner of their work areas when they come into class.That way you will know whether somebody is messaging or calling a companion when they should learn. † Secondly, educators should considers kids responsible and constrain them to act capable (Ferriter). Discussing obligation and responsibility won't get to the revolutionary sitting in the back corner or child that goes to class once like clockwork yet a portion of the children will be understanding and mindful of the decisions they are making. Utilizing dangers of restricting mobile phones isn't the correct methodology and will most likely be disregarded anyways.Lastly, except if school approaches state in any case, if an understudy isn't utilizing their wireless suitably, the educator may reallocate the telephone until the finish of the class time frame or even day. For abusing clothing standard, understudies get disciplines or some likeness thereof. On the off chance that defying the guidelines of clothing regulation has a discipline, wireless strategies ought to have the option to have disciplines for mobile phone misuse. With all the progressed over the most recent couple of years, mobile phones have gotten a significant separated of consistently life for individuals over the United States.Firstly, PDAs may furnish as a learning instrument with the unlimited assets. Then again, cell phones can divert understudies and could be utilized as a method of cheating. Likewise, approaches about cell gadgets have changed in schools over the U. S. In conclusion, there’s approaches to forestall maltreatment of P DAs with assistance and backing of workforce. So as to settle on a choice in being possibly in support of mobile phones, schools must gauge the advantages and damages of cell utilization of understudies and discover an answer with the wellbeing of the school.

Information technology ethics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Data innovation morals - Essay Example Then again the greatest negative utilization of a PC is for wrongdoing purposes. As individuals utilize the PCs they commonly believe that their exercises are private and furthermore their own data is ensured. For example, sites of business nature frequently assemble subtleties from numerous guests; later on many sites sell these individual subtleties against the wants of the guests (Turban, Rainer and Potter; NCSI-Net). This is a sort of PC wrongdoing. There are numerous different sorts of a wrongdoing which are performed utilizing a PC anyway a large portion of the PC violations are secured under the term ‘phishing’. In their book, (Laudon and Laudon 147) characterize â€Å"computer wrongdoing as the unlawful exercises by utilizing a PC or against a PC framework. The Internet's ease of use and accommodation have designed current ways for PC wrongdoing, notable types of which is phishing.† Additionally, the PC violations show up in a wide assortment of ways and f urthermore cause various significant issues for various individuals. For example, these days online cheats or fakes utilizing the Internet are present day type of the online crimes in which an approved individual (typically recognized as a programmer) hacks some helpful information and data and later on use it to lead illicit and criminal errands, for example, money related outrages. In this situation, the essential expectations of lawbreakers are to win cash, bother other or mess around with others. Truth be told, the Internet is open for everybody which gives the chances to criminal individuals, to take, better approaches to take them, and new methods to hurt others (Laudon and Laudon 147). As talked about above, there are numerous sorts of a PC wrongdoing and lawbreakers do it purposefully. For example, some of the time a disappointed representative or ended laborer can be risky to an association. In this situation, these individuals need to harm business with their broad crimes (Parker; Turban, Rainer and Potter). In this manner, bosses ought to appropriately examine the foundation of people being associated with basic PC related undertakings. A few people adulterate resume to land positions. Additionally, the organization should recruit dependable staff to limit violations identified with PCs. Furthermore, Hacker and Cracker are most generally utilized terms in PC violations. In this situation, Hacker is an outer individual who can get through a PC framework, commonly with no unlawful expectation. Then again, a Cracker is a frightful programmer, who may maybe create a harsh emergency for the association (Parker; Turban, Rainer and Potter). In addition, Phishing is a rising issue in regards to online information security and data wellbeing. There are various instances of data fraud and online fakes utilizing Phishing and other hacking methods. At the present, Phishing is ordinarily helped out through E-mail or the texting. By and large its fundamental desi gn is to guide online traffic to a specific site whose appearance or interface are around like the real one. Despite the fact that server can't separate among bogus and unique site so a programmer effectively goes through these security dividers. Typically, Phishing methods are planned for making simpleton to the web clients, and utilizing the appealing convenience of present web ability. In this situation,

Hadoop questionnaire Essay Essays

Hadoop survey Essay Essays Hadoop survey Essay Hadoop survey Essay Time Allowed: 1 hr 30 proceedingss Maximal Marks: 100 Part †A ( Objective †70 Markss ) All requests are to be endeavored mandatorily. Every request conveys 1 evaluation. There is no negative marker. : Bearings: In the requests 1-5. there are four words. Three of them are in like manner in a specific way. while one is extraordinary. Pick the one which is extraordinary 1( a ) Rectangle( B ) Square ( degree Celsius ) Circle( nutrient D ) Rhombus Ans ( degree Celsius ) Circle 2( a ) Aluminum( B ) Copper ( degree Celsius ) Brass( nutrient D ) Brick Ans ( nutrient D ) Brick 3( a ) Meter( B ) Yard ( degree Celsius ) Liter( nutrient D ) Inch Ans ( degree Celsius ) Liter 4( a ) Red planets( B ) Jupiter ( degree Celsius ) Saturn( nutrient D ) Sun Ans ( nutrient D ) Sun 5( a ) Breathing( B ) Swimming ( degree Celsius ) Dancing( nutrient D ) Playing Ans ( a ) Breathing 6Out of the given choices beneath. place the word that can be shaped out of the word BIBLIOGRAPHY ( a ) Physiology( B ) Graphic ( degree Celsius ) Barber( nutrient D ) Biology Ans ( nutrient D ) Biology 7Which of the word given in the choices can non be shaped out of the word REPRIMAND ( a ) Repair( B ) Remand ( degree Celsius ) MUNDANE( nutrient D ) Maid Ans ( degree Celsius ) MUNDANE 8Out of the given alternatives underneath. place the word that can be shaped out of the word MEASUREMENT ( a ) Maestro( B ) Acme ( degree Celsius ) Mantle( nutrient D ) Assurance Ans ( a ) Maestro 9Which of the word given in the alternatives can non be framed out of the word Endeavor ( a ) DEVOUR( B ) Round ( degree Celsius ) DROWN( nutrient D ) DROVE Ans ( degree Celsius ) DROWN 10Which of the word given in the alternatives can non be framed out of the word PHOTOSYNTHETIC ( a ) THOSE( B ) Aroma ( degree Celsius ) PRONE( nutrient D ) Cotton Ans ( degree Celsius ) PRONE Bearings for Question Numbers 11 to 15 In every request underneath is given an announcement followed by two choices numbered ( I ) and ( II ) . You need to assume everything in the announcement to be valid. so observe the two choices together and make up ones psyche which of them coherently follows past a reasonable vulnerability from the data given in the announcement Give answer ( a ) if solitary choice ( I ) followsGive answer ( B ) if solitary choice ( II ) follows.Give answer ( degree Celsius ) if either ( I ) or ( II ) follows.Give answer ( nutrient D ) if neither ( I ) nor ( II ) follow.Give answer ( nutrient E ) if both ( I ) and ( II ) follow. 11Statement: An advertizement †Interest rate will be fixed on the balance of our bank’s rate persuading the day of the long stretch of sedimentation and refixed each one-fourth thus Choices ( I ) It is left to the contributors to watch their inclusion( II ) The bank’s association rates are skilled to change on twenty-four hours to twenty-four hours balance contingent upon commercial center Ans ( nutrient D ) 12Statement: In request to execute subject on movement subject on transport administrators. the region specialists has chosen to authorize a mulct of Rs. 5. 000/†for the main additional metric ton stacked in transport vehicle and Rs. 1000/ - for resulting metric tons Choices ( I ) People will follow some subject when horrendous mulct is forced ( II ) The area specialists has neglected to comprehend the activity of movement administrators Ans ( a ) 13Statement: Research has demonstrated that individuals eating high fat eating regimens combined with decreased level of practicing are inclined to chest illnesses Choices ( I ) Peoples should chop down their high fat eating routine as protection strategy ( II ) People must hold adequate level of practicing to chop down their chances of holding chest illness Ans ( nutrient E ) 14Statement: An advertizement - Only those campaigners with surpassing gift and solid intention should utilize Choices ( I ) campaigners non convey throughing these gauges will non be considered ( II ) It is conceivable to make up ones brain plainly who is capable and spurred Ans ( a ) 15Statement: A commercial - Book your level before fifteenth June and benefit inclusion â€free advance from the developers Choices ( I ) No level will be reserved a short time later( II ) After fifteenth June no advance will be given Ans ( nutrient D ) 161. 3. 9. _______ . 81 ( a ) 12( B ) 15 ( degree Celsius ) 27( nutrient D ) 25 Ans ( degree Celsius ) 27 17A. E. ______ . O. U ( a ) F( B ) I ( degree Celsius ) G( nutrient D ) Liter Ans ( B ) I 181. 2. 6. 24. 120. ___________ ( a ) 144( B ) 480 ( degree Celsius ) 600( nutrient D ) 720 Ans ( nutrient D ) 720 1937. 47. 58. ___________ . 79. 89 ( a ) 67( B ) 68 ( degree Celsius ) 69( nutrient D ) 71 Ans ( B ) 68 201221. 2442. 3663. 4884. ___________ ( a ) 5885( B ) 6060 ( degree Celsius ) 6006( nutrient D ) 8448 Ans ( a ) 5885 21In a specific codification phonetic correspondence â€Å"ken poti† implies â€Å"good forenoon â€Å" . â€Å"hu shang’ implies â€Å"come on â€Å" and â€Å"hu ken Sue â€Å" implies â€Å"come for good â€Å" . Which word in that phonetic correspondence implies â€Å"for† ? ( a ) Shang( B ) Ken ( degree Celsius ) Sue( nutrient D ) Hu Ans ( degree Celsius ) Sue 22In a cetain codification â€Å"NOBLE â€Å" is composed as â€Å"QREOH† . How is â€Å"PLATE† written in that codification? ( a ) SMDWH( B ) SOCWH ( degree Celsius ) SODVH( nutrient D ) SODWH Ans ( nutrient D ) SODWH 23Mahipal. the more youthful sibling of Bibhu. is more established than Rebati. Prema. who is more youthful to Seema is more seasoned than Bhibhu. Who among them is the most seasoned? ( a ) Prema( B ) Mahipal ( degree Celsius ) Bibhu( nutrient D ) Seema Ans ( nutrient D ) Seema 24Introducing a grown-up female. a grown-up male said. â€Å"Her father’s just kid is my father† . How is the grown-up male identified with the grown-up female? ( a ) Father( B ) Son ( degree Celsius ) Uncle( nutrient D ) Nephew Ans ( nutrient D ) Nephew 25â€Å"Table† is identified with â€Å"Wood† in a similar way as â€Å"Shirt† is identified with ( a ) Cotton( B ) Fabric ( degree Celsius ) Cloth( nutrient D ) Dress Ans ( degree Celsius ) Cloth Bearings: In the requests 26-30. Choose the word that is most about the equivalent in centrality ( SYNONYMS ) as the word given in the capitals 26FORTIFY ( a ) Topple( B ) Destroy ( degree Celsius ) Reproduce( nutrient D ) Strengthen Ans ( nutrient D ) Strengthen 27FRAGILE ( a ) Valid( B ) Delicate ( degree Celsius ) Frank( nutrient D ) Incapable Ans ( B ) Delicate 28AMENABLE ( a ) Truthful( B ) Pleasant ( degree Celsius ) Pliable( nutrient D ) Generous Ans ( degree Celsius ) Pliable 29ADMONISH ( a ) Scold( B ) Pacify ( degree Celsius ) Display( nutrient D ) Ignore Ans ( a ) Scold 30COMMEMORATE ( a ) Manipulate( B ) Harmonize ( degree Celsius ) Remember( nutrient D ) Boast Ans ( degree Celsius ) Remember Headings: In the requests 31-35. Select the word that is most about the inverse in centrality ( ANTONYMS ) as the word given in the capitals 31Agreement ( a ) Capital of new hampshire( B ) Policy ( degree Celsius ) Dissent( nutrient D ) Act Ans ( degree Celsius ) Dissent 32SELDOM ( a ) Occasionally( B ) Frequently ( degree Celsius ) Continuously( nutrient D ) Marginally Ans ( B ) Frequently 33CREDIBLE ( a ) Unchangeable( B ) Insurmountable ( degree Celsius ) Unwieldy( nutrient D ) Unbelievable Ans ( nutrient D ) Unbelievable 34AUGMENT ( a ) Surpass( B ) Follow ( degree Celsius ) Prohibit( nutrient D ) Decrease Ans ( nutrient D ) Decrease 35HUMILITY ( a ) Integrity( B ) Pride ( degree Celsius ) Modesty( nutrient D ) Shame Ans ( B ) Pride Headings for Question Numbers 36 to 45 Select the most strong word from the offered words to make full in the space to do the sentence definitively complete 36Poor Praveen needed to ______ the heap of his father’s obligations ( a ) Suffer( B ) Bear ( degree Celsius ) Upheaval( nutrient D ) Lift Ans ( B ) Bear 37A _______ of boats was kept prepared to scour the ocean in occasion of exigency ( a ) Group( B ) Battalion ( degree Celsius ) Unit of estimation( nutrient D ) Fleet Ans ( nutrient D ) Fleet 38The individuals were _______ of the day of the period of the gathering great in progress ( a ) Communicated( B ) Conveyed ( degree Celsius ) Ignorant( nutrient D ) Informed Ans ( nutrient D ) Informed 39The talker drew the going to of the crowd _________ the ignition issues ( a ) Into( B ) Towards ( degree Celsius ) to( nutrient D ) From Ans ( degree Celsius ) to 40A commission was framed to look _______the building ( a ) After( B ) At ( degree Celsius ) For( nutrient D ) Into Ans ( a ) After 41Known as a sincere and genuine person. she other than has _______ feeling of mind ( a ) Better( B ) Plentiful ( degree Celsius ) Beautiful( nutrient D ) Good Ans ( nutrient D ) Good 42The issue would hold become genuine if _____ move had non been made ( a ) Hasty( B ) Fast ( degree Celsius ) Seasonably( nutrient D ) Unusual Ans ( degree Celsius ) Seasonably 43Usha was seriously ____ by the insight which she got in the message ( a ) Electrified( B ) Petrified ( degree Celsius ) Deranged( nutrient D ) Shaken Ans ( nutrient D ) Shaken 44In malignance of her other ____ Kasthuri still figured out how to happen cut for her diversions ( a ) Occupations( B ) Preoccupations ( degree Celsius ) Business( nutrient D ) Promises Ans ( B ) Preoccupations 45It is prudent to ____ on this issue rather than make unneeded employment by taking a solid base ( a ) Lose( B ) Promise ( degree Celsius ) Evade( nutrient D ) Compromise Ans ( nutrient D ) Compromise Headings for Question Numbers 46 to 50 Which of the expressions A. B. C and D given beneath each sentence ought to supplant the expression imprinted in italics A ; underlined. to do the sentence linguistically right 46They kept on working in the field in spite of the heav

My experience on censorship Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

My experience on restriction - Essay Example Where restriction goes to far is the point at which somebody needs to conceal harming data about them from being discharged to the general population. This is regular with many Middle Eastern pioneers because of the nearby culture tolerating such practices. One second that formed my own mindfulness about restriction was a year ago during the Ramadan celebration. Usually TV programs are blue-penciled at the hour of Ramadan since it is viewed as â€Å"unholy† to concentrate on common things. During last year’s celebration, there were numerous political fights everywhere throughout the Arab world. To concentrate on these fights, there were a few shows that discussed the showings and played clasps of a portion of the battling. Since this was is as yet a touchy issue, huge numbers of the TV stations in Dubai hindered these shows. The reasons given for this activity were extremely obscure and nobody could comprehend why they had done as such. I had by and by become exceptionally keen on the Arab spring, so to see TV programming covering it prohibited made me imagine that a lot of control is really an awful thing. In the event that, the same number of governments guarantee, the brutality is executed by resistance psychological op pressor, at that point show the recording and let the individuals choose for themselves. The main motivation behind why they would decide to blue pencil these accounts was if the projects offered an input that pondered gravely the legislature. In this way, the administration decides to edit these projects so as to ensure their own methods. No idea had been given to the individuals who need to discover data without anyone else instead of depend on optional sources. My sentiment over control transformed from this episode in light of the fact that there was no rhyme or reason to blue pencil news from the Arab Spring other than it may additionally fuel the fire that numerous individuals feel towards their administrations. Control is a subject that incites a ton of discussion in light of the fact that there are various reasons why it

Childhood Obesity for Journal of Pediatrics- myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Talk about theChildhood Obesity for Journal of Pediatrics. Answer: Kid stoutness is where overabundance muscle to fat ratio contrarily influences a childs wellbeing and prosperity. Kids become large because of different reasons which incorporate; hereditary components, physical movement, ailments and undesirable dietary patterns. On the planet today youngsters in different nations have a high danger of being overweight. For example in the United conditions of America kids who are large have mental related instances of confidence which in the end prompts pressure. With the end goal for guardians to dodge heftiness cases they should show others how its done; which starts by participating in physical movement (Katz, 2014). Also they should be delicate to their kids who are hefty to keep away from them being humiliated. Moreover guardians ought to be enthused about the eating regimen they give which should liberated from cholesterol. It is likewise legitimate parental direction to dishearten instances of indoor exercises of playing computer games and si tting in front of the TV. Kids from a half year to 5 years who are hefty have a higher danger of having genuine medical issues when they become grown-ups. With this examination it implies that they will have a shorter life expectancy dependent on their bodies having diabetes, malignant growth and stroke. The legislature and instruction partners ought to be in the cutting edge to confine the expending of quick nourishments and candy in training organizations. In addition insights I of hefty cases ought to be featured in the open area. This has to do with the dangers, demise and counteraction proportions of youngsters at a youthful age. Nourishments that contain sugar and prepared meats ought to be stayed away from no matter what (Daniels, 2007). Then again fiber rich, calcium nourishments and vegetables ought to be expended as an approach to forestall and control hefty cases. References Katz, D. (2014). Youth Obesity Trends: Time for Champagne?. Youth Obesity, 10(3), pp.189-191. Daniels, S. (2007). Reasons for youth heftiness. The Journal of Pediatrics, 150(6), p.A1.

Out Of The Snow

An Afternoon In/Out Of The Snow How and what would I write in the utter absence of the ever-present presence of our preexisting expectations of admissions blogs, unburdened of the literary coherency associated with the formal duties of a prefrosh psychopomp? The answer is about to be served implicitly atop an egocentric slice of my life on a lazy IAP Saturday. 12:40 PM Nature precipitates relentlessly upon Cambridgians freezing bodies, the confetti to its gleeful schadenfreude. As I exit a building, a discretized gradient of snowfall upon stairs illustrates a simple probability distribution. 12:50 PM I brave the snow down 3rd Street, a hotbed of the eco-friendly hipsteria that visibly permeates Cambridge, and hike to Voltage Coffee, whose abilities satisfy the rare intersection of (a) producing coffee good enough that I will actually trade money for the transient pleasure of drinking it, and (b) assembling a vegetarian sandwich savory enough to sate my carnivorous appetite. 1:00 PM Ive gained entrance to the club, and can dispense with these hipster pretenses. Shedding argyle sweater vest, false muttonchops, and sustainably-harvested calabash smoking pipe, I roll up my mental coding sleeves, pull up a terminal, and rake impatiently at the disorganized heap of code and configurations that aspire to 6.470 fame. Adjacent are two disillusioned 20-somethings echoing the mantra, I know what I want, but not how to get there. For them, I weep frozen tears of vicarious unfulfillment into my delicious sandwich. But for myself and my fearless 6.470 teammates, I foresee only the sweet, sleepless taste of victory. 1:55 PM I bundle up and continue along my irreversible temporal journey. It is as cold, as they say, as though we were in hell, and a sports team facing proverbially bad odds had won some international competition or other. 2:05 PM It is the second day of Bad Ideas, the weekend that East Campus devotes annually to bad ideas. Events in swing: grilling in the snow, and chaining together electrical appliances and powerstrips until something blows out. But much badder, more exciting ideas are scheduled for the remainder of the day: playing chess with pieces made out of chocolate (with the addendum that you must eat captured pieces), testing your capacity for deceit while hooked up to a polygraph, human dog sledding, eating as many tacos as possible and/or watching others slowly hate themselves as they finish off their stack of tacos, and running up and down the tallest building in Cambridge as many times as possible in four hours. An alumnus of my hall is actually the record holder for the Green Building Run, having completed forty-eight circuits one adrenaline-pumped year. Surprisingly, its among the least of his inhuman characteristics. 2:06 PM I stumble inside. Several pounds of snow instantly melt off my shoulders and run down my laptop bag. East Campus is notable for its architectural similarities to a brick oven, and while this turns it into a miserable, sweat-filled sauna during the summer, it is arguably the ultimate winter haven. Having individually controllable thermostats in each room doesnt hurt, either. 2:15 PM Drafting this blog post. Reese supports me in presence if not in spirit, like an unwieldy pet rock. 3:00 PM email, email, email 3:50 PM Zealous 6.470 teammate and infamous motorized unicyclist Stephan 13 joins the party, his enthusiasm tempered only by Ruby on Railss unwillingness to install properly on his computer. 4:00 PM It turns out using NTFS partitions messes with file permissions in a way that prevents Rails from doing what we want it to do. Stephan decides to reformat his hard drive and reinstall both of his operating systems. We are very sad for the next two hours. 4:15 PM Comparing camera lenses Working on  thesis proposal ? one of these things is tougher than the others  ? 5:45 PM Tiffany 12 is sick. I eschew the trappings of hardcoreness and brew her a flowery, hot pink tea. 5:55 PM Work is briefly interrupted for a DISNEY SINGALONG the next twelve hours I will spare you the hideously uneventful details of working collaboratively on Ruby on Rails between three different operating systems. For the most part, we alternately cursed, wrangled with our configuration files, and made food. I marinated slowly in my own impotence, but at least I was toasty and well-fed. Heres hoping your snow days are more eventful than mine, readers. Stay warm and be cool.

The necessity of corporate governance systems - Free Essay Example

Corporate governance is a necessary, important and comprehensive overview of what corporate and their directors must do in order to bring the largest benefit for the corporate as it include the structures, processes, culture and systems that engender the successful of the organization. It concerns the relationships among the Board of Director, the management team, the shareholders and stakeholders. As time passes, good corporate governance is a compulsory requirement in todays corporate world by every stakeholder groups as it has become an important key for a corporate to success. Lacking of efficiency in corporate governance may cause the corporate to collapse. While, by having good corporate governance it may help to reduce the risk of corporate collapse happen, enhance the performance of the corporations yet it creates an environment that motive the manager to maximize the return on investment. Besides, it also helps to ensure long term productivity grows and increase the investor confidence. Therefore, transparency and accountability are the most important element in order to have good corporate governance. This is because it would help the organization to have a clear and creditable decision making. However, there are various theory have affected while developing the corporate governance. The main theories that are greatly influence the corporate governance concept and reformation is the agency theory, transaction cost and stakeholder theory. 2.0 AGENCY THEORY Agency theory is defined as the relationship between the principals, such as shareholders and agents such as the company executives and managers (Abdullah.H, 2009). This theory is usually being use to examine the relationship between the principle and agent in order to determine how the agent (director or managers) archive to maximize the return to shareholders, while at the same time the managers/ director himself/herself does not own the share. However, this theory may not be practical for the director or managers when manage the corporate in real life. This is because; suppose that the director being appointed by the principle is being expected to act and make decisions in the best of principals interest and full fill all the their needs. However, the director/managers has his/her own objective too, as they might not be working in the best interest or act partially in the best interest of principle. They might be misuse his/her power and committing moral hazards such as shirking duties to enjoy leisure merely to maximize their personal wealth, benefits, self-interest and reputation as they do now own the share of the corporate. Besides, conflict may be occurring between the agent and principle due to different interest being focus. The agent being appointed as director might be only focusing on short term benefit which may bring benefit himself/herself the most, while at the same time the shareholders are more focusing on long term benefit which may bring best interest to the company. Enron scandal is a real life that show that the managements goals conflict with those shareholders. In this case, the auditor manipulated the financial arrangements among themselves by using the special purpose entities (SPEs) transferred fund to some of the Enrons director and conceal the large loses that Enron is facing. Ultimately, announced bankrupted and leaving Enron shareholders without anything. However, the agency problem can never be perfectly solved due to diver gent behavior of manager but in order to predict such problem happen again, agency theory suggests that a system needs to be carry out in order ensure that the agents are working on the best interest of the principle that they are representing. Jensen (1983) suggested that the principal-agent risk-bearing mechanism must design efficiently and must be monitor though the nexus of organizations and contract. Besides, from Enron case it also highlighted that there is a need to set up an independent non-executive director to monitor the action of executive director in order to ensure that the director is working on the best interest of the shareholder. In short, agency theory has greatly influence the reformation if corporate governance as it is an important set of propositions in the organizational economic discipline so that the employees are responsible for their task or decision has been made. 3.0 TRANSACTION COST THEORY Besides, transaction cost theory has also great influence in the reformation of corporate governance. The exposition of transaction cost theory is where the organization has become larger and became the market leader; in effect it turns to control the market by determining the allocation of resources. The organization started try to control the production, price movement in the market and the markets coordinate transaction. Therefore, the organization tent to extent their organization by vertical integration either forward or backward integration in order to create a boundary so that the organization could control and determine the price and production of a product. Besides, the organization could also reduce risk as the organization could avoid the risks that there is an increase of price in future yet could avoid the risk of dealing prices with supplier or retailer. Due to there is imperfect market condition, as there is too many buyers and limited resources, transaction cost economic has incurred. According to the theory of transaction cost economics it assumes that some individual are opportunistic, some of the time, at the same time it also stated that mangers are opportunistic by nature. (Soloman, 2007). Due to there is limited resources, there will be an increasing of the market value of a product/ services, and this has created an opportunity for the managers and other economic agent to practice bounded rationality. According to Simon, bounded rationality defined as the behavior that was intentionally rational but only limitedly so. The managers will tend to satisfies him/her own self interest rather than maximize the company profit. They would try as hard as to organize transactions for their best interest. At the same time, arms length transaction will also occur during the negotiation. This is because the seller and buyers or the supplier and retailer will be acting in their own self interest during the negotiation session as there are limited r esources/ substitute and this give an opportunity that bribery and under table problem occur. Therefore, in order to avoid these problem occur, the organization should have stuff rotation once a year in order to avoid there is close relationship between the manager and buyers. At the same time, transparent, integrity and openness should be practice among the organization, so that the information are open to disclose and the information give in financial statement is disclosing with honest and completeness and there is no hidden information. Besides, if there is related party transition occurs it has to be stated clearly in the account to avoid any misunderstanding. 4.0 STAKEHOLDER THEORY The role of organization in the society, the impact of organization on the employees and environment has being highly focused and discusses over decade. Society nowadays has become more concern about organization business activity, the effect to environment and how they treat the stakeholder unethically. Therefore, stakeholder theory has been involved and has great influences on the reformation of corporate governance. The main concept of stakeholder theory is that the organization should concern on more sectors of society rather then only focus on the returns for organization and their shareholder. Stakeholder theory normally being viewed as a conceptual cocktail, as it emphasizes on the dependency of many different groups on the organizations management, not only the shareholders but also the employees, customers, suppliers, creditors and the general public. There are too many problems rise in the real environment, as the organization nowadays are acting in so unethically way and they are only concern about their self-interest or to increase the organization profitability. It highlighted that the social problem todays are getting serious as the organization nowadays are acting so irresponsibility; they do not border about the damages and effect that they bring to the environment. Besides, in order to maximize him/her self interest, it causes fraud and cheating problem occur. Due to the organization didnt act ethically as connected with what they are doing and unable to fulfill their basic responsibilities to their stakeholder. Therefore, corporate social responsibility (CSR) has fallen into as it relies on the separation between the business, social and ethic which the stakeholder theory intends to solve. It has become main issue for the organization, where the organization are being so encourage by the society to improve the way the they treat the stakeholder and the environment , yet it will influence the views of the society to the organization. Ho wever a major problem has arise, is there a measurement to measure the stakeholder welfare? Yet, there is no standard accounting measurement or market value measure that could measure the past or current organization decision brings effect on the stakeholder welfare. Besides, when an organization takes into account of all the goals and involved themselves in the stakeholder activities, often there will be bring a higher cost to the organization yet will decrease the business performance. The manager may become ineffective to achieve the company goal in order to achieve win-win situation to the society and organization. At the same time, from the China economy performance shows that the society becomes worst when the organization is focusing on social goals.(Kim, 2010) Indeed, the stakeholder theory stated that the organizations should act responsibility and take into account of the stakeholder welfare as it the moral things to do so but it is very questionable to do so. As it is not a well-defined theory and it doesnt show that by taking into account of the stakeholder welfare it may increase the organizations stock and operating performance yet there is no prove that maximizing organization profit will bring harms to the society. Therefore, stakeholder theory is very questionable and it depends on the organization how to practice it. 5.0 CONCLUSION In short, having good corporate governance is a major key in order for an organization to success. The corporate governance conceptual or theory is just providing a guideline for the organization in order to have improvement or being self-regulation. So that the organization would provide better services, bring less harm to the society and protect the environment. However, it maybe not practical and there is difficulty to practice in the real world as many organizations may not follow as what the theory said. An organization may fail in social goal but success in business, but an organization may not be success in social goal yet fail in business. At the same time, the major problem is there are lack of a framework, rules and regulation that every organization has to follow as what corporate governance said. Therefore, it is depends on how organization to practice it in order bring less harm to the society and protect the environment.

Teenage Pregnancy Is An Issue For A Plethora Of Reasons

Teenage pregnancy is an issue for a plethora of reasons. For example, there are many health risks for the mother and the baby that come along with teenage pregnancy. Although most pregnancies are accidents, this one accident can cause a complete change in the father and mother’s lives. One may ask, is teenage pregnancy on the rise? Luckily, it isn’t. Just in 2013, â€Å"there were 26.6 births for every 1,000 adolescent females ages 15-19, or 274,641 babies born to females in this age group† (â€Å"Teen Births†). On top of that, nearly eighty-nine percent of those births were outside of marriage (â€Å"Teen Births†). The 2013 teen birth rate has actually dropped ten percent compared to 2012’s birth rate. Back in 1991, the teenage birth rate was as high as 61.8 births for every 1,000 adolescent females (â€Å"Teen Births†). These numbers may come to a surprise to some, but what does not come to a surprise, is that the United States is st ill the leading country in teen birth rates compared to other developed countries. Let’s not forget about those teenagers who have more than one child. In 2013, â€Å"almost one in six (17 percent) births to 15- to 19-year-olds were to females who already had one or more babies† (â€Å"Teen Births†). About twenty-five percent of teen moms have a second child within 24 months of their first baby. Although the repeat teen birth rate in the United States declined by more than 6 percent between 2007 and 2010, â€Å"The teenage birth rate remains high—especially in AmericanShow MoreRelatedEssay about Mother Knows Best: Termination of Pregnancy796 Words   |  4 PagesThe issue of whether or not we should allow abortion, or to grant pro-choice has been widely debated in our community lately. 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The Creators Of Salt Of The Earth - 1223 Words

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The Leadership Style of Eric Schmidt - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 5 Words: 1633 Downloads: 2 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Management Essay Type Analytical essay Did you like this example? The leadership style of Eric Schmidt 1.Introduction: In this assignment,i am going to analyze the leadership style of Eric Emerson Schmidt which one was the CEO of the famous internet company Google comprehensively.Over the period of 2001 to 2011,Eric Schmidt leaded the Google company to become one of the most variable companies and the most popular companies in the world.The initial Google is just a searching engine website company,Eric Schmidt likes a magician made a miracle in this company that build up as a industry pioneer. The business philosophy of Eric Schmidt: As Harold Koontz said: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Management is an art of getting things done through and with people in formally organized groups.It is an art of creating an environment in which people can perform and individuals and can cp-operate towards attainment of group goals.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  The full title of CEO is chief executive officer,a important responsibility of CEO is to management the whole company in a positive direction.Every large companies have a evident style as same as their CEO,the CEO runs the company in their own personal style.Eric Schmidt used socio-human approach in his organizational process.And this style was not only used in Google company,but also he used in his first company-SUN which is a same internet technological company as Google and it is famous of JAVA.Because Eric thinks both are same type company,he can use similar style to lead the company.The socio-human approach is a opposite way to technical rational approaches,it is more flexible and humanized to treat employees.the Google is not a traditional company,it depends on its power of innovation.In order to let the employee have better innovative thinking,Eric used this solution to make more advantages for the company.In detail,Eric use a mode which is small team management mode.He made each team have different duty in every areas.That mode is more effective than the old school management mode in real business practice.This approach has following favors :Frist one is that it allows the company to have bigger possible to attempt,let the company has newborn things as much as possible,so the change of success will be lager.There are many famous companies dying because lock of innovation such as Yahoo and IBM. Secondly,this approaches can make employees build up their sense of responsibility as the masters of this company,let them not feel working in a big company.And Eric give the decision-making power to the team,in the process of development,the team mates can have their right t o change and improve the product,that also is a benefit thing for their customer. As the famous management education master Peter Ferdinand Drucker said à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“The man who focuses on contribution and who takes responsibility for results ¼Ãƒâ€¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢no matter how junior ¼Ãƒâ€¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢is in the most literal sense of the phrase,à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"top managementà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ . This is also Ericà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s goal for using this mode. Thirdly,to reduce the cost of internal coordination,they believe that fast is better than slow in the Google company.The small team management mode can develop more products in shorter time because the team can use their decision-making power to make quick decision,to the failure of adjustment will be repaired easily and quickly.Comparing with other IT companies like Microsoft.When the Microsoft company developed the new windows system,there was a large group members which is several hundreds people to join this subject,it lead to take over years and progress slowly.This is a major point of the Google company can exceed the Microsoft company.The small working team can improve effectively and it is better than the large working group in this specific industry.A good idea will not become effective unless the action commitments have been built into the decision from the begining. This kind of organization structure is organismic and duo to the Google is a information technology company,duo to that situation,Eric thinks it can help company have better advantage in IT industry environment.The faster update is Googleà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s powerful weapon to win their competition. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "The Leadership Style of Eric Schmidt" essay for you Create order The leadership of Eric Schmidt: The definition of leadership is à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Leadership is the process of influencing the activities of an organized group in its efforts toward goal setting and goal achievement à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"(Stogdill .1950).The effect of leadership is that make strong motivated to the staffs,let staffs work in unity and achieve goals. According to trait theories of leadership,the leadership is relate to leaderà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s personality,In Stogdillà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s five traits Model: Intelligence,Dominance,Self-confidence,High level of energy,and Task-relevant knowledge .Based on Eric Schmidtà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s career ,cover news and public speech,Eric at least has intelligence,dominance,and Task-relevant knowledge,these three models can find obvious evidences from his business career.It also can mean Eric has agreeableness,conscientiousness,and openness to experience. Firstly,it is clear to see his self-confidence because he believe his employees,he can give the right of decision -making to every teams.Secondly,his openness to experience is also easy to find,during his CEO career in Google these ten years,the Google company developed many newborn product not only in their search function such as Chrome,Android,and so on.Third one is his conscientiousness,as a survey about 313 private company choosing their CEO,there are 215 successes,in these 215 CEO,Almost of them have conscientiousness.That means how conscientiousness important to a successful CEO.Eric Schmidt has been a leader in three big IT company,all of them become famous and successful in their profession area especially these companies have a higher maker value.Ericà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s conscientiousness is proved by he having a strong sense of organization,and word hard.He organises the google engineering team in 70:20:10,it means seventy percent group focus on their product in the area of search function,twenty percent team work on product in other development area like Android,then the least ten pe rcent team works in newborn things like pilotless automobile.Until now the Google still use this structure when they develop product. In the other hand,there has another theory about leadership:Behavioral of theories of leadership.There are two fundamental types of leader behaviours : à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Initiating structureà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ and à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"considerationà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢.Initiating structure refers to behaviour which focuses on the achievement of objectives and includes clear supervision and role clarification,planning of work and a results orientation.Consideration includes behaviours which encourage collaboration and focus on supportive network,group welfare and the maintenance of job satisfaction.(Brooks,2009) Eric Schmidt is a consideration structure in this theory.There are some points to prove that.Primarily,Eric give a wonderful and comfortable working environment,this working environment has been first most popular working environment in the world for four years at American Fortune magazine.This is a evident welfare for employees.Secondly,Eric insists to give the power of decision-making to each work team,he is highly trusted to his professional employees,at mean time,the employee get a stronger sense of encourage than a good working environment.Eric get a vehement support from his employees during company developing time virtually. Above two theories of leadership can not explain the leadership style of Eric Schmidt well,in order to give more thoughtful explanation.We appoint the third theory-Situational theories.One of situational theories is Fiedler contingency theory.This model asks the estimate of both the leaderà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s style and three broad characteristics of the situation:leader-group member relations,task structure,and position power.Primarily, In leader-member relations of Eric and his employees,it easy to prove they are real great,as the organization structure which Eric made,he and his employees have hig hly trusted with each other.That also can relet to situational leadership theory,his subordinates have enough ability to achieve his requirements,and he do not need to give too much guide to them.Secondly,the task structure is very clear in Google until now,Eric insists his 70:20:10 structure for the engineering development group.Thirdly,the position power of Eric is not very stong,because he give a part power of decision-making to every engineering development teams. Conclusion: All in all,Eric Schmidt is a intelligent,professional,and accommodating leader.As we know that the Google culture is freedom and innovation since two originator of Google Sergey Brin and Larry Page starting the Google company until Eric been invited to be a CEO of this company,this culture never change.Ericà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s experience is also perfect for the Google,first advantage is that he has a B.S. degree in electrical engineering at Princeton University and a phd degree in EECS at the university of California,Berkeley.These professional knowledge makes big different with normal CEO for the Google company.Second one is his ideal working experiences,before he came to the Google,the companies that he worked are all IT companies.Effectiveness is a habit,that is a complex of practices.The most significant thing is that he can run these companies very well and make outstanding achievement.Eric Schmidt makes the two originator believe he is the prefect role for The Google CEO.No ma tter using what theories to analyse the leadership of Eric Schmidt,he has proved that he is a suitable leader for this company during his career of Google CEO .Comparing with the famous Steve Jobs,Eric is not charming and distinctive as Jobs,but his leadership style is more appropriate for the Google Company. References: Koontz H. The management theory jungle[J]. Academy of Management Journal, 1961, 4(3): 174-188. Drucker P F. People and performance: The best of Peter Drucker on management[M]. Routledge, 1995. Stogdill R M. Leadership, membership and organization[J]. Psychological bulletin, 1950, 47(1): 1. lan Brooks (2009). organisational behaviour. 4th ed. Essex: Person Education Limited. p167.

Religion And Its Impact On Society - 1343 Words

Even before there were millions of copies of bibles in circulation religion has been a part of society that has always been there. But is this idea of rules and regulations enforced by a belief system really helpful to society? In a world without religion would there be less wars, hatred, and discrimination? With so many people involved or affiliated with religion it is important to explore deeper into the negative impact that religion has on society and try to make the world a better place with information that will help all. At a personal level religion fulfills the role of accounting for a lack of knowledge and offering hope in the face of difficulties while also offering a sense of belonging. To identify with a religious ideology, and call it the only truth and way, leads to the tremendously negative consequences of hatred, racism, and all kinds of violence. These consequences of a world in disarray due to religion far outweigh the small personal fulfillments. As Steven Weinberg, an American physicist and Nobel laureate states, â€Å"With or without religion, you would have good people doing good things and evil people doing evil things. But for good people to do evil things, that takes religion.† Although religion claims to lead people towards truth, light, and happiness, in reality it actually leads them in the opposite direction. 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Human as a physical and finite being believes that there is the spiritual entity or entities which unlike man are infinite and more powerful. Human sought to have a relationship with this sacred being, and the medium which he has devised to do so is religion. Borne out of human’s quest or search for purpose and meaning, religion was employed to provide answers to some basic intriguing phenomena, which bothers him on daily basis. Religion

Teaching Speaking Free Essays

string(108) " is so different from teaching speech is that two types of discourse differ in their basic characteristics\." MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND SCIENCE, YOUTH AND SPORT OF UKRAINE IVAN FRANKO NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF LVIV ENGLISH DEPARTMENT Speaking and Writing. Common and Distinctive features in Teaching PRESENTED BY Suzan Al-Jholani a fifth year student of the English Department SUPERVISED BY Sanotska L. G. We will write a custom essay sample on Teaching Speaking or any similar topic only for you Order Now associate professor of the English Department LVIV 2012 Contents Introduction†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 3 I. Common features in teaching speaking and writing†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. II. Distinctive features in teaching speaking and writing†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Conclusion†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. References†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚ ¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Communication between humans is an extremely complex and ever-changing phenomenon. But there are certain generalizations that can be made about the majority of communicative events and these will have a particular relevance for the learning and teaching of languages. There are countless reasons for communication between individuals: they want to say something, they have some communicative purpose, they want to get some information, etc. It is important to realize that these generalizations do not only apply to spoken word: they characterize written communication as well. Speaking and writing are called productive skills because they involve language production, as opposed to listening and reading, which are receptive skills [1, 46-47]. Common features in teaching speaking and writing The productive skills of writing and speaking have more distinctive than common features. However, there are number of language production processes which have to be gone through whichever medium we are working in. In order for communication to be successful we have to structure our discourse in such a way that it will be understood by our listeners and readers. In speech this often involves following of conversational patterns and the use of lexical phrases. For the part of writing it has to be both coherent and cohesive. Coherent writing makes sense because you can follow the sequence of ideas and points. Cohesion is more technical matter since it is here that we concentrate on the various linguistic ways of connecting ideas across phrases and sentences [2, 246]. Both teaching writing and speaking involves following the rules of communication. There are three areas of rules that should be considered: * Sociocultural rules: speakers from similar social backgrounds know how to speak to each other in terms of how formal to be, what kind of language they can use, how loud to speak, or how close to stand to each other. * Turn-taking: in any conversation decisions have to be taken about when each person should speak. * Rules for writing: writing has rules too, which need to be recognized and either be followed or purposively flouted. We have to take into the account the genre and the style of writing [2, 246]. One of the reasons that people can operate within sociocultural rules is because they know about different styles, and recognize different written and spoken genres. This depends on the aim of communication, on the recipient and setting. In order to speak and write at different levels of intimacy students need practice in different genres and different styles so that their level increases they can vary the grammar, functions ,and lexis that they can use . It is vital, therefore, that if the coursebook does not offer a satisfactory range of such genre-based activities teachers should supply it themselves [2,247]. Teachers have to teach how to interact with the audience. Part of our speaking proficiency depends upon our ability to speak differentially, depending upon our audience, and upon the way we absorb their reaction and respond to it in some way or other. Part of our writing ability depends upon our ability to change our style and structure to suit the person or people we are writing for [2, 248]. When speakers or writers of their own or of a foreign language do not know a word or just cannot remember it, they may employ some or all of the following strategies to resolve the difficulty they are encountering: * Improvising: speakers sometimes try any word or phrase that they can come up with in the hope that it is about right. * Discarding: when speakers simply cannot find words for what they want to say, they may discard the thought that they cannot put into words. Foreignising: when operating in a foreign language, speakers (and writers) sometimes choose a word in a language they know well (such as their first language) and ‘foreignise’ it in the hope that it will be equivalent to the meaning they wish to express in the foreign language. * Paraphrasing: speakers sometimes paraphrase. Such lexical substitution or circumlocution gets many speakers out of trouble, though it can make communication longer and more convoluted [2, 249]. To prevent problems that students may encounter while improving speaking and writing skills teachers have to follow certain principles. In the first place, they need to match the tasks they ask students to perform with their language level. This means ensuring that they have the minimum language they would need to perform such a task. Secondly, teachers need to ensure that there is a purpose to the task and that students are aware of this. They should also remember that students who are not used to speaking or writing spontaneously need to be helped to cultivate such habits. Teachers should not expect instant fluency and creativity; instead they should build up students’ confidence step by step giving them restricted tasks first before prompting them to be more and more spontaneous later. Finally, teachers need to assess the problems caused by the language they need, and the difficulties which the topic or the genre might create [2,251-253]. To make students inspired teacher has to choose interesting topic and create interest in it. It is also important to vary the topics they offer them so that they cater for the variety of interests within the class. It is also vitally important to vary the genres teachers ask their students to work with if we want them to gain confidence in writing and speaking in different situations. Distinctive features in speaking and writing teaching One of the reasons that teaching writing is so different from teaching speech is that two types of discourse differ in their basic characteristics. You read "Teaching Speaking" in category "Papers" Differences between them imply different types of exercises which focus on different aspects of language and demand different levels of correctness [1,52]. Writing requires a greater degree of accuracy, and is in many ways the more difficult skill to learn. For a start, the written form is visible and mistakes are seen. With speaking, students often make ‘slips of the tongue’-they have said something wrong, but if they could hear a recording of what they said, they could correct the mistake themselves. Written task on the one hand often require accuracy and formal language. Because they recognize this, many students feel under pressure when writing. However, with writing students can proof-read and self-correct. They can go more slowly and carefully than when they are speaking. It is an important skill teachers must teach students-read what they have written [4,182]. Punctuation is another factor absent from speaking. Increasingly these days, one might question the importance of correct punctuation, but whereas one can accept that the correct use of colons or semi-colons is not really so important, surely the correct use of capitalization and question marks, for example, does matter [4, 182]. Spelling may also cause problems, something which mother-tongue speakers have difficulty with. Again, people differ in their views of the importance of correct spelling, but the fact remains that, teachers have to recognize what is ‘correct’ writing, and what is ‘incorrect’. If they cannot recognize a mistake, then they cannot correct it [4, 182]. With Writing, students do not have to concern themselves with aspects of pronunciation, or being fluent. Those students who are much more interested in accuracy than fluency, arc often very good when writing. It is very common to find students who have had accuracy-based language learning, writing extremely well and accurately, but that is difficult for them to express themselves orally [1, 53]. Writing tends to be more economical in its use of the language. There are no ‘hesitators’ (‘mmm’, ‘er’, ‘well’, etc. ) that litter our conversation. Written language is direct and efficient. The writer suffers from the disadvantage of not getting immediate feedback from the reader – and sometimes getting no feedback at all. In writing students can not use intonation or stress, and facial expression, gesture and body movement. These disadvantages have to be compensated for the greater clarity and by the use of grammatical and stylistic techniques for focusing attention on main points, etc. Most importantly there is greater need for logical organization in piece of writing than there is in a conversation, for the reader has to understand what has been written without asking for clarification or relying on the writer’s tone of voice or expression [1,53]. When teaching writing, therefore, there are special considerations to be taken into account which include the organizing of sentences into paragraphs, how paragraphs are joined together, and the general organization of ideas into a coherent piece of discourse [1,54]. Creative writing practice is a critical part of learning a written language. Writing can be encouraged through poetry, stories, plays and dialogues, but it important that students be engaged and interested in the writing projects. Pen pal letters between students can help to capture the interests of a class as they learn written communication with their peers utilizing the new language. The objective of such a project would be for students to learn how to use appropriate language and produce suitable letters that can be sent as a correspondence, but can also be used as effective evaluation and grading tools. Speaking a language involves using the  components correctly – making the right sounds, choosing the  right words and getting constructions grammatically correct. Pronunciation, grammar and vocabulary tasks  will focus on the need  for practice in language accuracy. At the same time, we also need to  get a clear message across and this  involves choosing appropriate content or ideas to suit a situation, e. g. deciding what is polite or what might appear rude, how to interrupt or how to participate in a conversation. All this involves practice in language fluency. Speaking requires thinking on the spot, practice and exposure to the language over time. Speakers have a great range of expressive possibilities at their command. Apart from the actual words they use they can vary their intonation and stress which helps them to show which part of what they are saying is most important. By varying pitch and intonation their voice can clearly convey their attitude to what they are saying. They can indicate interest or lack of it. At any point in speech event speakers can rephrase what they are saying; they can speed up or slow down. This will often be done in response to the feedback they are getting from their listeners who will show through variety of gestures , expressions and interruptions that they do not understand. And in a face to face interaction the speaker can use a whole range of facial expressions, gestures and general body to help to convey the message. Developing speaking skills in the classroom can include a wide variety of activities. Controlled lessons that include drilling and pre-planned, question and answer prompts can help students develop skills under the teacher’s watchful eye. Guided activities such as dialogues and role-play scenarios, while based on accuracy, do allow for more creativity and individual exploration with the language. Exact language may not be as controlled in such activities and students have a chance to practice their language with a bit more freedom. Students improve their formal speech when teachers provide insights on how to organize their ideas for presentation. Students can give better speeches when they can organize their presentation in a variety of different ways, including sequentially, chronologically and thematically. They need practice in organizing their speech around problems and solutions, causes and results, and similarities and differences. After deciding about the best means of organization, they can practice speeches with another student or with the whole class. Teachers can also help students adapt their speeches and informal talks so as to correspond to the intended audience, the information to be communicated, and the circumstances of the occasion at which they will speak. The teachers can illustrate how well-known speakers have adapted their presentations in ways to suit these different circumstances Students may enjoy speaking about their personal experiences. When given this opportunity, they can benefit from instruction in the elements of good story-telling. Both teachers and students can provide suggestions for students’ speeches. In constructively criticizing others, learners can learn to apply criteria for good speech and employ tactful social skills. In doing so, they can increase and improve their own speaking skills. Students can also learn speaking and social skills by suggesting possible improvements to one another’s practice speeches. Positive experiences in speaking can lead to greater skills and confidence in speaking in front of larger groups. These activities help students to become familiar and comfortable with the new language. Creative communication involves more fluency-based activities that can really enable students to utilize their creative thinking and language skills. Activities of this type might include discussions, simulations and communication games, but they may also include real- life experiences such as a field trip to a restaurant or a guest visitor in the classroom, providing opportunities for students to use the new language in a less controlled setting. Careful planning and preparation are a necessity for this kind of learning experience, and such lessons must be followed-up with some form of assessment or evaluation tool to determine the effectiveness of the experience, but the benefits to the student can be significant. Not only are students making connections between the language they are learning in the classroom and the language used in the real world, they are practicing their skills and developing their own methods for utilizing and retaining the new language. In comparison to speaking skills, the development of writing skills involves many of the same difficulties and some additional challenges, including differences in grammar and vocabulary use, spelling, structure, punctuation and others. A variety of games in the classroom and as pair, small-group or homework activities, can be utilized to provide controlled practice and experience with writing. Crosswords, word finds, gap fills and story boards are but a few of the games and activities that can be adapted for teaching writing skills including vocabulary, spelling, grammar and pronunciation. Developing useful and effective language skills requires practice and experience, from controlled lessons to authentic, real-life experiences. The basic building blocks of a language are critical to the learning process but practical experience, creative exploration, and opportunities to practice in less controlled activities can help to bind the various parts of language acquisition into a solid understanding of the new language and how it can be used. Whether speaking or writing, students need to be able to activate the knowledge they have learned in the classroom in order to communicate successfully in their new language. Conclusions Being productive skills, speaking and writing involve language production. They have both common and distinctive features in teaching; although distinctive have majority in number. For communication to be successful (either oral or written one) students have to know how to structure the discourse, to be aware of rules of communication, different styles and genres, have knowledge about how to interact with audience. In productive skills teaching strategies to resolve the difficulties that students can encounter are the same. To prevent problems that students may encounter while improving speaking and writing skills we teachers have to follow certain principles: match the tasks with students’ language level, built student confidence step by step, choose interesting topic and create interest in it. Taking into account the fact that speaking skills require fluency and frequency, and writing skills demand accuracy – different teaching strategies and activities have to be used. References 1. Harmer, J. The practice of English language teaching. – London and New Jork: Longman, 1991. – 296 p. 2. Harmer, J. The practice of English language teaching. Third Eddition. -Londin: Longman,2001. – 371 p. 3. Lavery, C. Language Assistant. http://www. scribd. com/doc/14112081/Whole-Manual 4. Riddell, D. Teach English as a foreign language. -London: Hodder Edducation , 2010. -366 p. 5. Sariel, O. Teaching productive skills – fine tuning speaking and writing skills. http://ru. scribd. com/doc/58656496/Teaching-Productive-Skills 6. Wallace T. , Stariba W. , Walberg H. Teaching, speaking, listening and writing. http://www. ibe. unesco. org/fileadmin/user_upload/archive/publications/EducationalPracticesSeriesPdf/PRATICE_14. pdf How to cite Teaching Speaking, Papers

Challenge of Embedding Ecosystem Services †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Challenge of Embedding Ecosystem Services. Answer: Introduction: The case study evaluation directly indicates that Relevant accounts that needs to be omitted from exhibit 3. Exhibit 3 directly indicates all the relevant expenses that need to be incurred by the organisation to determine whether the project is viable option for generating relevant in comment future.Moreover, the accounts that are been omitted is indirect labour expense and space account expense, which is relatively an extra burden on the expenses.The indirect labour directly accounts for the supervisor salary, which is mentioned in the case study will be conducted by the existing supervisor. Therefore, no increment in expenses is expected from the indirect labour charges for the current project (Kirschenmann Norden, 2012). The other expenses are related to space which will be taken by the new project and needs to be deducted from the income. However, the organisation directly aims in using free space in the current premises, which will directly neglect the expenses towards space. Evaluation of the project period it could be identified that the payback Period of the project is not viable according to the company's policy, which will force them to reject the project. The company requires a Fever period of minimum of 5 years, while the project provides Payback period of 5.2 years From the evaluation of the situation regarding the project increasing its for all sales due to the implementation of the project directly accommodates the use of high discount rate. The use of high discount rate could eventually allow the organisation to reduce any kind of negative actions that might be conducted in your future. Moreover, the relevant high discount rate could eventually help in evaluating the project under dire circumstances and detect whether it could provide the relevant returns on investment. In this context, Covas Den Haan (2012) mentioned that discount rate is used to subdue the rising inflation, which hampers actual profitability of the organisation. The overall discount rate of 13% or even 15% could eventually help in generating the required profitability, which might be achieved from the project. Expected inflation rate evaluation is not considered under the study, as the inflation rate of 3% is mainly constant, while the revenue generated from operations are different. Thus, it could be identified that use of higher discount rate could directly provide the company with a cushion, which might help in anticipating the minimum returns that might be provided from the investment. Moreover, the use of hi discounted could accommodate the rising information and provide adequate to returns to the organisation. Depicting recommendation for the project, which could be used by the company to improve its return from investment: The case study evaluation and relevant results that obtained in the above question directly provide adequate insight for the new project. Moreover, producing 10-in and 12-in Pipe could eventually allow the organisation to increase the relevant income in future. All the calculations conducted in the above questions directly indicate viability of the project for producing a positive return from the investment (Caulfield, Bailey Mullarkey, 2013). There are two different types of calculations conducted with increasing sales and without increasing sales. However, in a situation vesicles are not increasing as anticipated by the salesman the worst case scenario provide the negative return. This directly indicates that investments in the project should not be conducted Assume the worst case scenario the project will not be able to support the anticipated return. However increment and seals as depicted by the salesperson directly provide a positive NPV for all the three situations, even with a cost of capital of 12% or higher. Therefore, it is directly indicated the project is viable, which might allow the organisation to increase the return from investment. Reference and Bibliography: Bushman, R. M., Piotroski, J. D., Smith, A. J. (2011). Capital allocation and timely accounting recognition of economic losses.Journal of Business Finance Accounting,38(1?2), 1-33. Caulfield, B., Bailey, D., Mullarkey, S. (2013). Using data envelopment analysis as a public transport project appraisal tool.Transport Policy,29, 74-85. Connolly, E., Norman, D., West, T. (2012). Small business: An economic overview.Small Business Finance Roundtable,22. Corgnati, S. P., Fabrizio, E., Filippi, M., Monetti, V. (2013). Reference buildings for cost optimal analysis: Method of definition and application.Applied energy,102, 983-993. Covas, F., Den Haan, W. J. (2012). The role of debt and equity finance over the business cycle.The Economic Journal,122(565), 1262-1286. Glukhov, E. V., Glukhov, V. V. (2013). Meaning and essence of scientific concept" business finance" in market-oriented economy.World Applied Sciences Journal,25(10), 1405-1408. Grigoroudis, E., Tsitsiridi, E., Zopounidis, C. (2013). Linking customer satisfaction, employee appraisal, and business performance: an evaluation methodology in the banking sector.Annals of Operations Research,205(1), 5-27. Kelly, R., Kraemer-Eis, H. (2011).European Small Business Finance Outlook(Vol. 10). EIF Working Paper 2011. Kennickell, A. B., Kwast, M. L., Pogach, J. (2016). Small businesses and small business finance during the financial crisis and the Great Recession: New evidence from the survey of consumer finances. InMeasuring Entrepreneurial Businesses: Current Knowledge and Challenges. University of Chicago Press. Kirschenmann, K., Norden, L. (2012). The relationship between borrower risk and loan maturity in small business lending.Journal of Business Finance Accounting,39(5?6), 730-757. Lazonick, W., Tulum, . (2011). US biopharmaceutical finance and the sustainability of the biotech business model.Research Policy,40(9), 1170-1187. Mackie, P., Worsley, T., Eliasson, J. (2014). Transport appraisal revisited.Research in Transportation Economics,47, 3-18. Mulley, C., Tyson, R., McCue, P., Rissel, C., Munro, C. (2013). Valuing active travel: Including the health benefits of sustainable transport in transportation appraisal frameworks.Research in Transportation Business Management,7, 27-34. Penning-Rowsell, E., Priest, S., Parker, D., Morris, J., Tunstall, S., Viavattene, C., ... Owen, D. (2014).Flood and coastal erosion risk management: a manual for economic appraisal. Routledge. Rogers, M. G., Bruen, M., Maystre, L. Y. (2013).Electre and decision support: methods and applications in engineering and infrastructure investment. Springer Science Business Media. Scholes, M. S. (2015).Taxes and business strategy. Prentice Hall. Turnpenny, J., Russel, D., Jordan, A. (2014). The challenge of embedding an ecosystem services approach: patterns of knowledge utilisation in public policy appraisal.Environment and Planning C: Government and Policy,32(2), 247-262. Willcocks, L. (2013).Information management: the evaluation of information systems investments. Springer. Yazdipour, R. (Ed.). (2012).Advances in small business finance(Vol. 21). Springer Science Business Media. Ã… ½iÃ… ¾lavsk, O. (2014). Net present value approach: method for economic assessment of innovation projects.Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences,156, 506-512.